Shaft parts play a vital role in machining, the machining sequence directly affects product quality, processing efficiency and production costs. In this paper, we will comprehensively and professionally explore the machining sequence of shaft parts to help readers better understand and apply in actual production.
characteristics of shaft parts
Shaft parts are usually long parts, which are characterised by a length greater than the diameter, and require high surface accuracy, good roundness and straightness. Due to its special shape, the machining process is prone to deformation and tool vibration, so special attention needs to be paid to the design and optimisation of the machining sequence.
machining sequence design principles
From roughing to finishing
In general, the machining sequence of shaft parts should be rough machining first, then finish machining. Rough machining can quickly remove excess material and provide sufficient machining allowance for subsequent finishing.
Internal and external co-ordination
Shaft parts usually have features such as internal and external cylindrical surfaces and axial holes, and the machining sequence of internal and external surfaces should be reasonably arranged to ensure their concentricity and axiality.
Ensure stability after machining
The stability of the parts should be considered during machining to avoid deformation of the parts or vibration of the tool due to excessive cutting force, which will affect the machining quality.
Shaft Machining sequence
Material preparation
According to the size and shape requirements of the part, select the appropriate blank material, such as round bar material, forgings, etc.. The choice of material directly affects the efficiency and quality of subsequent processing.
Rough machining
The purpose of rough machining is to remove most of the excess material and lay the foundation for subsequent fine machining. Common roughing methods include turning, milling and so on.
Semi-finishing
Semi-finishing is performed on the basis of rough machining to improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the part. Turning, milling and other methods are usually used.
finishing
Finishing is the final stage of shaft parts processing, required to achieve high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Commonly used finishing methods include grinding, lapping and polishing.
Heat treatment
According to the material and use requirements of the parts, heat treatment to improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the parts. Common heat treatment methods are annealing, normalising, quenching and tempering.
surface treatment
In order to improve the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the parts, surface treatment, such as electroplating, spraying, chemical conversion film.
Inspection and quality control
During and after the machining process, the parts are inspected for size, shape, surface quality, etc. to ensure that the parts meet the design requirements.
Assembly and debugging
Finally, the processed shaft parts are assembled into mechanical equipment and debugged to ensure their performance and reliability in actual use.
shaft parts machining technology
Forging/Casting
For shaft parts, the common raw material processing methods are forging or casting. Through forging or casting can quickly get the initial shape, for the subsequent machining to provide the basis.
CNC Turning
Firstly, the external circle and axial hole are turned to ensure the concentricity and axiality of the parts.
Boring
For some axial holes with high precision requirements, the boring process can be used to ensure the precision and surface quality of the holes.
Grinding
Finally, the external circle and axial hole are ground to improve the surface accuracy and machining quality.
Precautions in the machining process
Selection of cutting parameters
According to the material and shape characteristics of the parts, reasonably select the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut to ensure cutting efficiency and machining quality.
Tool selection and sharpening
Choosing the right tool is crucial for the machining of shaft parts, and the right type of tool and sharpening method should be selected according to different machining processes.
Heat treatment after machining
Some shaft parts need to be heat-treated to improve hardness and wear resistance, and the impact of heat treatment on the size of the parts needs to be considered in the machining process.
Summary
The machining sequence design of shaft parts needs to take into account many factors, including the shape characteristics of the parts, machining accuracy requirements and machining efficiency. Only a reasonable design of the machining sequence, and combined with the actual situation of continuous optimisation, to ensure the quality and efficiency of shaft parts processing. Hope that through the introduction of this article, the reader can more comprehensive understanding of shaft parts machining sequence of knowledge, and in the actual production to be applied and promoted.
